By Tonya Fletcher
Earlier this year, the U.S. Department of Labor (DOL) published a proposed rule that would make nearly a million workers eligible to receive overtime pay. The proposed rule is for white-collar exemptions to overtime, which refers to employees with duties that primarily involve executive, administrative, or professional responsibilities as defined by the regulations.
Currently, employees with a salary of less than $23,660 per year ($455 per week) must be paid overtime if they work more than 40 hours per week. The proposed rule published by the U.S. Department of Labor would raise the salary threshold to $35,308 per year ($679 per week).
It’s important to note that this proposed rule does not change overtime protections for police officers, firefighters, paramedics, nurses, or laborers which include non-management production line employees and non-management employees in maintenance, construction and similar occupations such as carpenters, electricians, mechanics, plumbers, iron workers, craftsmen, operating engineers, longshoremen, and construction workers.
Overtime regulations can be confusing. In summary, the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) establishes minimum wage, overtime pay, record keeping, and youth employment standards affecting employees. Employees must be paid at least the minimum wage, and are entitled to overtime unless they are classified as exempt. To be exempt from overtime, employees must be paid a salary of at least the threshold amount and meet certain duties tests. If an employee is paid less or does not meet the duties tests, they must be paid one and a half times their regular rate for working more than 40 hours in a workweek.
It’s important to not wait until the rule is finalized to begin reviewing your practices. Some common mistakes are misclassifying employees, withholding pay, and miscalculating overtime. According to data from the DOL, the most common violators were employers in the retail, construction, and food services industries. Let’s take a look at these common compliance mistakes.
1. Misclassifying employees
An exempt employee means he/she is exempt from the minimum wage and overtime provisions of the law. These positions usually include supervisory or management roles, but can include other roles depending on the industry or specific job duties. To be classified as exempt, the employee must meet both the salary and the duties test, which means they must:
- Be paid on a salary basis
- Earn at least $455 per week now, but $679 per week with the new proposed rule
- Be paid the full, agreed-upon salary for any workweek in which they perform any work
The proposed DOL overtime rule doesn’t include any changes to the job duties that classify employees. Exempt employees aren’t entitled to overtime pay, but can’t be paid less than an agreed upon salary.
Non-exempt employees are entitled to overtime pay. To ensure non-exempt employees are being paid correctly, keep track of all hours worked, pay overtime when applicable, and pay at least minimum wage. Also, remember that a non-exempt employee can receive a salary and still be entitled to overtime pay.
Some states also have requirements that have higher minimum salaries and/or more stringent duties tests than the FLSA. If you have employees in multiple states, you must comply with the FLSA and requirements in each state where employees work.
Misclassifying employees as exempt can be a very costly mistake. Consider this: In a typical wage and hour lawsuit, an employer could end up paying back wages and damages equal to the amount of the back wages, fees to an attorney to represent them, as well as the employee’s attorney fees. This is why you should make sure your employees are properly classified, and since responsibilities can change, regularly review exempt employees to make sure they continue to meet the duties test that applies to their position.
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2. Withholding pay
Employers must pay employees for hours worked in the workday, which means all hours between the time someone begins and ends work on a particular day. If this employee’s workday extends beyond his or her normal shift hours, they must be paid for that extra time—even if it wasn’t authorized.
All time spent by an employee performing activities which are job-related is potentially work time, even “off the clock” job-related activities that benefit the company. Types of compensable work time include:
- Mandatory training or meetings
- Time that includes waiting to receive job assignments for the day or time spent putting on and taking off safety gear
- Working through an unpaid meal break
- After hours or outside work, like requiring employees to check emails or take calls after hours
- Travel from office to the first work site of the day if a stop at the main office or jobsite is required before starting work for the day.
Additionally, private sector non-exempt employees covered by the FLSA must be paid for all overtime hours worked and are not eligible for “comp time,” and even if an exempt employee works part-time they must be paid the minimum salary of $455 per week ($679 per week with the proposed rule). Deductions from an exempt employee’s salary are permitted in only a few limited circumstances.
3. Miscalculating overtime
The FSLA states that overtime is one and a half times the regular rate of pay. The regular rate is defined as total compensation divided by the total hours worked. If an employee has two or more different types of work for which different straight-time rates have been established (for example, $10/hour for one type of work and $12/hour for another type of work), the regular rate is the weighted average of such rates. If the employee receives a non-discretionary bonus or commission, that additional pay must be included in total compensation for purposes of calculating overtime pay.
Though there is still time before the proposed overtime rule is expected to go into effect, it’s important to review current employee classifications and pay practices for compliance. Then, review the potential impact of these regulatory changes and develop a plan to comply with the new regulations.
RELATED: Five Ways Your Business May Be Violating Employment Law
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